Gut Restore

Molecular Overview

BPC-157 (C₆₂H₉₈N₁₆O₂₂) originates from a gastric peptide fragment and is examined for its regulation of cell-matrix interactions.

KPV (Lys-Pro-Val), a tripeptide fragment of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, is explored in in-vitro systems for anti-inflammatory peptide signaling.

GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-copper(II) complex) is a small copper-binding tripeptide known to modulate gene expression related to matrix remodeling and enzymatic regulation.

Research Applications

1. Epithelial and Barrier Integrity Models

BPC-157 and KPV have both been used in cell culture studies to observe effects on epithelial repair and tight-junction regulation.

These assays help investigate molecular interactions influencing cell proliferation and integrity under peptide exposure.

2. Inflammatory Signaling Pathways

KPV is frequently used as a model peptide in NF-κB and TNF-α pathway studies, enabling exploration of anti-inflammatory peptide mechanisms.

BPC-157 complements this line of study with its capacity to alter growth factor signaling in stressed cell systems.

3. Copper-Dependent Enzymatic Regulation

GHK-Cu has been studied for its metal-ion-mediated regulation of superoxide dismutase and lysyl oxidase in cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes.

Its inclusion provides a biochemical model for copper-dependent cellular signaling in peptide research.

4. Gene Expression and Proteomic Analysis

The triple-peptide combination presents opportunities to examine transcriptional networks and matrix gene activation relevant to regenerative biology without implying therapeutic use.

Referenced Citations

1. PubChem CID 9941957 – BPC-157
2. PubChem CID 5462286 – KPV (Lys-Pro-Val)
3. PubChem CID 5311446 – GHK-Cu (Gly-His-Lys Copper)
4. PubMed ID 29909858 – “BPC-157 in epithelial cell cultures: structural regulation” (Acta Pharmacol Sin)
5. PubMed ID 17920248 – “KPV peptide and epithelial cytokine modulation” (Am J Physiol Cell Physiol)
6. PubMed ID 28797702 – “KPV and melanocortin signaling in inflammation models” (J Immunol Res)
7. PubMed ID 30613421 – “GHK-Cu peptide regulates copper enzymes in fibroblast models” (Mol Cell Biochem)
8. PubMed ID 20828225 – “GHK-Cu and gene expression patterns in peptide-treated cells” (BBA Gen Subj)